Tactics Of Organization Politics in organisational behaviour

Tactics Of Organization Politics (Power Tactics)

Both individuals and groups play politics in the organization for different reasons, like to safeguard their level of interest, to have a greater say in the process of decision-making, or to have a greater autonomy over the allocation of limited resources. The most commonly used power tactics that helps to translate some power bases into a specific action are:
  1. Negotiation or bargaining: This tactic involves negotiation for sharing of benefits between the groups. Negotiating helps in avoiding the conflicts. The individual or group with higher bargaining power is able to get more benefits than the sacrifices made.
  2. Competition for acquisition of power: Groups working in organizations compete regularly with each other to have a greater share of scarce resources. In order to achieve this, they often try to influence the criteria used for resource distribution.
  3. Cooptation: Under this strategy, the power holder tries to associate the representatives of other groups in decision making so as to avoid the grounds of criticism about the misuse of power.
  4. Alliance with other groups: Using this tactic, two or more groups in the organization may form a coalition or temporary alliance on the basis of the minimum common program. It serves as an interesting mix of competition and cooperation. Members of such groups cooperate in order to compete with other non-group members.
  5. Rational persuasion: Persuasion can be used as a political strategy to exercise greater influence in the organization. In a persuasive attempt, people present logical arguments and factual evidence to others to demonstrate that their request is reasonable in nature. For example, a person who is likely to be considered for promotion to the post of Vice President (VP) of a company, may try to prove consistently that he/she is a deserving candidate, possesses the right skills, knowledge and expertise for the post, is able to handle matters dealt at the VP level with efficiency, in order to demonstrate rationally by providing evidence his/her suitability for the post. 
  6. Coercion or pressure: People using coercion or pressure use warnings, repeated demands or threats. Generally, when persuasion fails, coercive or pressure tactics are employed. For example, on the denial of the management to accept the demands of the trade union, the trade union might threaten to strike or slow down.
  7. Control over the agenda of the meetings: A politically inclined person(s)may have the control over deciding the agenda of the meeting. Such person(s) can easily manipulate the things to suit their personal interest.
  8. Ingratiation: It is one of the most common power tactics. People use flattery, praise or friendly behaviour prior to making any request. It is a tactic to make someone feel important or good before making a request to them. One can increase the chances of success by using such tactic.
  9. Personal appeals: This tactic involves asking for compliance based on friendship and loyalty.

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